https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14353/42 2026-04-23T13:30:49Z 2026-04-23T13:30:49Z Contrevida, Ramela Gelito, Gertrude Emilie Granada, Eileen Gubatina, Geraldine Lucero, Suzanne Villaruz, Marie Faith https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14353/118 2022-05-19T02:58:43Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Diagnostic utility of urine gram stain versus urinalysis in asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant patients Contrevida, Ramela; Gelito, Gertrude Emilie; Granada, Eileen; Gubatina, Geraldine; Lucero, Suzanne; Villaruz, Marie Faith BACKGROUND: Urine culture remains to be gold standard in the diagnosis of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) during pregnancy but its use is limited because it is not cost beneficial. In low resource settings, urine gram stain and urinalysis maybe utilized as a alternative to urine culture. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare urine gram stain and urinalysis using urine culture as gold standard in the diagnosis of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) among pregnant patients; determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values as well as compare the likelihood ratios of both tests. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from July to December 2016 involving 220 pregnant patients on initial prenatal visit at the OPD of WVSUMC laboratory. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values and accuracy were computed for both tests in relation to urine culture. To compare for the diagnostic test characteristics, areas under the curve were generated. McNemar's Test was used to compare the superiority of urine gram stain over urinalysis. The research proposal was reviewed nd approved by WVSU Unified Biomedical Research Ethics Review Board. RESULTS: In this study, the prevalence rate of ASB pregnant women was 7.7%. It was found that the urine gram stain is more sensitive (58.82%) in the diagnosis of bacteriuria in pregnant patients as compared to urinalysis (29.41%). Urinalysis however was highly specific (94.09%) compared to urine gram stain (77.83%) in detecting ASB. The likelihood ratios of both tests were equally similar in detecting ASB. Comparing the relative sensitivity of both tests it was found out that urine gram stain had a significantly higher sensitivity than urinalysis (p=0.03). Urine gram stain was more sensitive but less specific than urinalysis in detecting ASB in pregnant women. However, based on Area under the Curve (AUC), both tests were comparable in the detection of ASB (P=0.26). CONCLUSION: Urinalysis because of its high specificity remains to be a good diagnostic tool for ASB while urine gram stain due to its better sensitivity is more effective in detecting the presence of ASB especially in low resource settings. For patients with negative urinalysis, we recommend proceeding to urine gram stain instead of urine culture because of the 7.7% ASB prevalence. Keywords: Asymptotic bacteriuria, pregnancy, urinalysis, urine Gram stain

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Alcala, Lynette Comuelo, Jerusha Gellada, Celina Villaruz, Joselito https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14353/119 2022-05-19T06:58:50Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Compliance to expanded program of immunization among children of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiaries in selected urban communities in Iloilo City Alcala, Lynette; Comuelo, Jerusha; Gellada, Celina; Villaruz, Joselito Background: The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), the Philippine's version of Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT), was implemented to address the pressing issues of poverty in the country though provision of cash benefits to foster investment in human capital (nutrition, health, and education) to extremely poor households. One conditionally to avail of the program in regular preventive health check-ups and vaccination of children 0-5 years. Objective: This cross sectional study was conducted to determine the compliance to the Expanded Program of Immunization among children of 4Ps beneficiaries in the seven (7) districts of Iloilo. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 4Ps beneficiaries in seven urban communities of Iloilo City from January 2016 to October 2017. Purposive sampling of all 4Ps beneficiaries with children 0-5 years with immunization cards was included in the study. The respondents were made to answer a pilot tested and validated self-administered questionnaire in the local dialect. Immunization cards of the children were reviewed to verify the data. Results: Ninety-one (91) beneficiaries with 111 of their children aged 0-5 years were included. Forty-one percent (41%) of children of 4Ps beneficiaries have completed primary immunization and seventy-five percent (75%) of them received extra immunizations. Except for area of residence, no significant relationships were established when compliance was classified according to educational attainment, type of household and religious affiliation. Conclusion: Only 41% of children of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) beneficiaries were compliant to the EPI with area of residence considered as a factor in the completeness of immunization in two barangays. Barriers identified with non-compliance include lack of vaccine supply, lack of knowledge on vaccine availability and childhood illnesses. Keyword: Compliance, immunization, 4ps, EPI

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Basmayor, Ralph Ryan Batayola, Arnel Co, Maria Dolores Dela Cruz, Twyla Joy Luntao, Theodor Magbanua, Cyril Franz Peralta, Reulyssa Salvador, Sahara Pestijo Salvilla, Aenizylle Lara https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14353/120 2023-12-07T00:28:30Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Unang yakap program: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among rural health workers in the Province of Guimaras Basmayor, Ralph Ryan; Batayola, Arnel; Co, Maria Dolores; Dela Cruz, Twyla Joy; Luntao, Theodor; Magbanua, Cyril Franz; Peralta, Reulyssa; Salvador, Sahara Pestijo; Salvilla, Aenizylle Lara Background: A major cause of infant and maternal mortality in the country has been observed to be due to inadequacies in childbirth and newborn care services. In response, the Department of Health (DOH) launched the Unang Yakap Program (Essential Newborn Care Protocol) in 2009. An evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practices of rural health workers on the Unang Yakap Program was done, four years after its national implementation. Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of rural health unit physicians, nurses and midwives in the Province of Guimaras on the Unang Yakap Program of the DOH. Methods: This is descriptive, correlational study using a 45-item questionnaire to quantify knowledge, attitude and practices administered between June-October 2013. Significant differences between the level of knowledge, attitude and practices and the demographic profile of the participants were determined using Mann-Witney U test for independent samples and Kruskal-Wallis test while Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine significant relationships between the levels of knowledge, attitude and practices of the participants. Results: The participants had adequate knowledge, moderately favorable attitude, and very satisfactory practices on the Unang Yakap Program. Levels of knowledge, attitude and practices generally showed no significant differences across most demographic variables, except in the number of years of service, which significantly varied in their levels of attitude. The level of practices did not show significant relationship with the level of knowledge. Important gaps of knowledge, attitude and practices were identified, which can be used as basis for future interventions. Conclusion: The rural health workers in Guimaras had adequate level of knowledge, moderately favorable attitude and satisfactory practices on the Unang Yakap Program. Keywords: Rural health workers, Unang Yakap Program, Essential Newborn Care Protocol, Maternal Health Care.

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Chang, Peterson Clarito, Sheena Grace Fuego, Jhon Philip Juanitas, Charles Jebb Galacan, Lourdes Lustica, Eldridge Lyndon Mallorca, Tracy Roz https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14353/70 2023-01-16T03:31:38Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Profiles of heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in five herbal supplements used in Iloilo City Chang, Peterson; Clarito, Sheena Grace; Fuego, Jhon Philip; Juanitas, Charles Jebb; Galacan, Lourdes; Lustica, Eldridge Lyndon; Mallorca, Tracy Roz Background: Studies have shown an increased consumption of herbal supplements in the country due to the inability to afford conventional medications and the avoidance of their perceived side-effects. However, due to current lack of information in the processing, monitoring, and distribution, issues about the safety of herbal supplements, particularly their heavy metal content which when taken repeatedly and at certain amounts can induce adverse systemic effects that can further lead to disease. Objective: This study aimed to determine and compare the levels of heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in five selected herbal supplements commercially available in Iloilo City, using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) FAAS. Methods: This was an experimental in vitro research study conducted at the University of the Philippines Visayas Analytical Services Laboratory. Pre-treatment of the top five popular herbal supplements in Iloilo City (MX3 capsule, Koi Herbal capsule, Xanthone plus, Ampalaya plus, and Dr. Alfred's Mangosteen) included wet ashing and filtration. The resulting filtrates were diluted and subjected to Flame AAS to determine the concentrations of two heavy metals in the samples. The absorption values of at least five standard solutions of each metal were obtained to generate the corresponding calibration curve which was used to calculate the heavy metal were content of the prepared samples. The levels of the heavy metals in each sample were quantified and compared to the permissible limits of heavy metal content. Results: Among the herbal supplements tested, Dr. Alfred's Mangosteen (0.33 mg/kg) had the highest cadmium level and the only herbal supplement exceeding the permissible limit (>0.3 mg/kg) set by the World health Organization and Food and Drug Administration for cadmium. On the other hand, Ampalaya Plus (3.95 mg/kg), Dr Alfred's Mangosteen (3.09 mg/kg), Xanthone plus (1.32 mg/kg), and Koi herbal capsule (0.99 mg/kg) have lead levels consecutively above the permissible limit (>0.5 mg/kg) set by United States Pharmacopeia and International Conference on Harmonization. Conclusion: Dr. Alfred's Mangosteen herbal supplement was found to have cadmium levels above the permissible limits while four of the five herbal supplements marketed in Iloilo City have lead exceeding the permissible limits implying that continued and prolonged use of those supplements may result to adverse health effects to consumers.

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z