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dc.contributor.authorBlantocas, Gene Q.
dc.contributor.authorMateum, Philip Edward
dc.contributor.authorOrille, Ross William
dc.contributor.authorRamos, Rafael Julius
dc.contributor.authorMonasterial, Jonathan Lee
dc.contributor.authorRamos, Henry
dc.contributor.authorBo-ot, Luis Ma.
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-28T06:02:12Z
dc.date.available2024-08-28T06:02:12Z
dc.date.issued2007-06
dc.identifier.citationBlantocas, G. Q., Mateum, P. E. R., Orille, R. W. M., Ramos, R. J. U., Monasterial, J. L. C., Ramos, H. J., & Bo-ot, L. M. T. (2007). Inhibited flammability and surface inactivation of wood irradiated by low energy hydrogen ion showers (LEHIS). Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 259(2), 875-883.en
dc.identifier.issn0168583X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14353/621
dc.description.abstractChanges on the properties of wood irradiated by low energy hydrogen ion showers (LEHIS) were examined. The experimental facility employed was an in-house constructed, compact gas discharge ion source with beam energies maintained approximately in the 1 keV range fixed at 1 mA discharge current, 3 mTorr gas filling pressure. Wood specimens used were of species endemic in the Philippines namely Shorea sp., Shorea polysperma and Cocos nucifera. Results showed the processed samples manifested characteristics of inhibited flammability, and became relatively hydrophobic after the treatment. In the fire resistance test, it was also observed during initial flaming that the processed surfaces accumulated less soot attesting to a much lower smoldering rate, i.e. lesser combustibility. To assess the increase in fire endurance time for the processed wood against the control substrates, a non-directional, two-tailed t-test was utilized. Significant at the 0.05 level, the t-statistic measured 9.164 as opposed to only 4.303 in its corresponding critical value at two degrees of freedom. Hence, the treatment appeared to show strong statistical evidence of being effective in enhancing fire resistance. The processed specimens also exhibited moisture absorptive inhibition time of more than 10 min versus an average absorption period of just 8 s for the unprocessed samples. Spectroscopy using a cast steel mass analyzer indicated a predominance of H+ with faint signals of H2+ in the ion showers. It is hypothesized that the monatomic ion plays an essential participatory role in the surface modification process. Data from an earlier work using Narra wood (Pterocarpus indicus) [G.Q. Blantocas, H.J. Ramos, M. Wada, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45 (2006) 8498] was extended in the current study to substantiate this hypothesis. The data is now presented as current density ratio H+ / H2+ versus the change rate constant K of the wetting model equation. It is shown that wood affinity to water decreased as the proportion of H+ increased, i.e. higher flux density ratios favored surface inactivation. It is further demonstrated using hardwood samples that a dominance of H+ also improved fire resistance. H+ ions seemed to be the initiator in the formation of hydrophobic and flame resistant wood surfaces. In contrast, high energy showers (≥900 eV) resulted in lower H+ / H2+ ratios. Samples exposed to showers in these energy ranges showed decreased flame resistance. They degraded more rapidly during flaming. Finally, a comparison of SEM images showed surface smoothening of the processed samples. The LEHIS method proved benign showing no unfavorable effects on paint adherence and original texture and color. This plasma-based procedure could probably be developed as an alternative mode of wood preservation.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was sponsored in-part by: (a) The Office of Policy, Planning, Research and Information, Commission on Higher Education (CHED), Office of the President, Republic of the Philippines. (b) The Philippine Council for Advanced Science and Technology Research and Development – Department of Science and Technology (PCASTRD – DOST). (c) The Hitachi Scholarship Foundation, Japanen
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevier B.Ven
dc.subjectCoco-lumberen
dc.subjectFlammabilityen
dc.subjectGas discharge ion source (GDIS)en
dc.subjectHydrophilicityen
dc.subjectHydrophobicityen
dc.subjectLow energy hydrogen ion shower (LEHIS)en
dc.subjectMass spectrometryen
dc.subjectMoisture absorptive inhibition timeen
dc.subjectScanning electron micrographsen
dc.subjectSurface modificationen
dc.subjectTangileen
dc.subjectWettabilityen
dc.subjectYakalen
dc.subject.lcshMaterials--Flammabilityen
dc.titleInhibited flammability and surface inactivation of wood irradiated by low energy hydrogen ion showers (LEHIS)en
dc.typeArticleen
dcterms.accessRightsOpen accessen
dc.citation.journaltitleNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atomsen
dc.citation.volume259en
dc.citation.issue2en
dc.citation.firstpage875en
dc.citation.lastpage883en
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.nimb.2007.03.009
local.isIndexedByScopusen
dc.subject.sdgSDG 9 - Industry, innovation and infrastructureen


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